Electron Configuration for Bromine without Noble Gas
Bromine History
The element Bromine was discovered by Antoine Jérôme Balard in year 1826 in France . Bromine derived its name from the Greek bromos, meaning 'stench'
Bromine Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Bromine in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| Ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 7×10-7% |
| Abundance in Sun | N/A |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 1.2e-06 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 3e-06 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 6.7e-05 |
| Abundance in Humans | 2.9e-06 |
Crystal Structure of Bromine
The solid state structure of Bromine is Base Centered Orthorhombic.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 672.65 | 464.51 | 870.23 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | π/2 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
Bromine Atomic and Orbital Properties
Bromine atoms have 35 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 7] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 2P3/2.
Shell Structure of Bromine - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | K | 2 | |||
| 2 | L | 2 | 6 | ||
| 3 | M | 2 | 6 | 10 | |
| 4 | N | 2 | 5 |
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Bromine - neutral Bromine atom
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Bromine atom is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5. The portion of Bromine configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Ar]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 3d10 4s2 4p5, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Bromine
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Bromine atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5
Atomic Structure of Bromine
Bromine atomic radius is 94 pm, while it's covalent radius is 114 pm.
Atomic Spectrum of Bromine
Bromine Chemical Properties: Bromine Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Bromine is 324.6 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy of Bromine
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Bromine
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1139.9 |
| 2 | 2103 |
| 3 | 3470 |
| 4 | 4560 |
| 5 | 5760 |
| 6 | 8550 |
| 7 | 9940 |
| 8 | 1.86×104 |
Bromine Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Bromine Physical Properties
| Density | 3.12 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 25.6102564103 cm3 |
Elastic Properties
Hardness of Bromine - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
Bromine Electrical Properties
Bromine is Insulator of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Bromine
Bromine Heat and Conduction Properties
Bromine Magnetic Properties
Optical Properties of Bromine
Acoustic Properties of Bromine
Bromine Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Bromine
Enthalpies of Bromine
Bromine Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Bromine
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Bromine has 2 stable isotope - 79Br, 81Br.
| Isotope | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 67Br | ||||
| 68Br | ||||
| 69Br | ||||
| 70Br | ||||
| 71Br | ||||
| 72Br | ||||
| 73Br | ||||
| 74Br | ||||
| 75Br | ||||
| 76Br | ||||
| 77Br | ||||
| 78Br | ||||
| 79Br | 50.69% | Stable | N/A | |
| 80Br | ||||
| 81Br | 49.31% | Stable | N/A | |
| 82Br | ||||
| 83Br | ||||
| 84Br | ||||
| 85Br | ||||
| 86Br | ||||
| 87Br | ||||
| 88Br | ||||
| 89Br | ||||
| 90Br | ||||
| 91Br | ||||
| 92Br | ||||
| 93Br | ||||
| 94Br | ||||
| 95Br | ||||
| 96Br | ||||
| 97Br |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| CAS Number | CAS7726-95-6 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSEF9100000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 8 |
| DOT Numbers | 1744 |
| EU Number | N/A |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | Oxidizing Agent |
| NFPA Health Rating | 3 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 |
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7726-95-6 |
| CID Number | CID24408 |
| Gmelin Number | N/A |
| NSC Number | N/A |
| RTECS Number | RTECSEF9100000 |
Electron Configuration for Bromine without Noble Gas
Source: https://www.schoolmykids.com/learn/interactive-periodic-table/br-bromine
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